There isn’t a direct setting to adjust the size of the thumbnails in an image gallery, but you can control it by adjusting the number of thumbnails displayed and the margin between them. The more thumbnails you display and the larger the margin, the smaller the thumbnails will appear.
If you increase the margin, the thumbnails will become smaller.
Otherwise, another solution would be to recreate a system similar to image galleries but using popups. This will allow you to adjust the thumbnail size precisely, just the way you want. Here’s an example:
I like the effect I put on the thumbnails but I would like (to try) an effect that fade in/out a bit the thumbnail on mouse Hover. Do you have an idea how to acheive that ?
The shifting issue comes from the scrollbar on the right side. You can fix it by going to Site Settings > Misc > Always show vertical scrollbar.
To fade the thumbnails, simply add transparency to the Background thumbnail boxes and adjust the layers so the thumbnails are placed under the popups, allowing the Background thumbnail boxes to overlay them.
Unfortunately, this technique causes the popups to sit on top, which makes the underlying thumbnails unclickable. If that’s important, there are also workarounds to bypass this limitation.